Foucault pendulum at the Panthéon in Paris, France

© Adolf/Adobe Stoc

Take this for a spin...

In 1851, when French physicist Léon Foucault performed his pendulum experiment in Paris, he became the first to prove what many scientists of his day already suspected—that the Earth spins on an axis. He conducted his first experiments 170 years ago, in early January 1851, with a relatively small prototype in the cellar of his home. Just a month later, Foucault performed his most famous pendulum demonstration, using a 62-pound spherical weight attached to a 220-foot wire, which was hung from the dome of the Panthéon, a Parisian monument. As the pendulum swung back and forth in a fixed plane, the pointed end of the weight traced lines in a compass-like circle of sand below it. As time passed, the angle of these lines began to change, demonstrating to onlookers that the Earth itself was rotating underneath the pendulum, and by extension, everyone watching was rotating as well, spinning on the surface of the great blue marble around its axis.

All these years later, replicas of Foucault's pendulum can still be found in museums around the world, continuing to demonstrate this elegant scientific proof. The pendulum seen here, an exact copy of the original, has been on display at the Panthéon in Paris since 1995.