Elephants crossing Luangwa River, Zambia
© Frans Lanting/Gallery Stock
Elephants crossing Luangwa River, Zambia
The African elephant has the biggest brain of any land mammal, with an average mass of about 11 pounds. Its brain has a complex neocortex as well, a trait seen only in apes, some dolphins, and humans. Scientists think the African elephant’s brain structure is but one indicator of its intelligence—elephants in both the wild and in captivity have exhibited complex and emotional behaviors, all signs of a highly intelligent species. These behaviors include tool use, recall, and even compassionate actions.
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